孔院微课堂 | 白露，秋思里摇曳的情韵

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bái 

白

lù

露

Bailu

白露是二十四节气中的第十五个节气，也是秋季的第三个节气。“八月节，秋属金，金色白，阴气渐重，露凝而白也”，从这时起，便一夜凉过一夜，晨起草木上就可以看见凝露了，故名白露。

Bailu, also named White Dew, is the 15th in the 24 solar terms and the third one in autumn. According to an ancient Chinese book on phenology, the season autumn corresponds to one of the Five Elements - “Metal”, which relates to the color white; in early September, thanks to the lower temperature, dew forms on grass and leaves overnight. Therefore, the solar term for this period is called Bailu, literally meaning White Dew.

二十四节气中的中国文化之白露

解说词

明 唐伯虎《秋风纨扇图》

白露是一年之中人们炎凉之感的转折点，人们眼见身边变化的风景，极易触景生情。就像明代画家唐伯虎的《秋风纨扇图》中的仕女，她独立在秋庭之中，手上握着将要被收起的纨扇，收拢的姿态无声地表达了对光阴流逝的不舍。

何家英《秋冥》

当代工笔画家何家英的《秋冥》中，少女抱膝独坐在落叶纷飞的秋林之间，种种心情都能从她的神态和动作中解读出来。秋日里少女的万千事，影影绰绰地穿越时空，和百年前唐寅画中的仕女重合。

白露是温润的时节。就像前人赞它的词——“金风玉露一相逢，便胜却人间无数。”

老树《白露》

老树的画作《白露》取景巧妙，典型的夏荷入秋后的情景，画中黄绿与浅墨混杂点染出的是荷叶，浓墨细勾的是荷花落尽后的莲蓬。画中的意趣与当年白居易于白露时节留下的诗意融合——“八月白露降，湖中水方老。旦夕秋风多，衰荷半倾倒。”

元 赵孟頫《鹊华秋色图》

白露也是思乡情起的时刻。元代画家赵孟頫的画作《鹊华秋色图》，画中远山和近水相映，秋林与村庄错落，水泽舟中劳作的渔民及岸上闲步的过客，唯美的画面引人入胜，带着你往记忆更深处探寻。

戴树良《白露》

当代中国画家戴树良的《白露》，描绘的便是他记忆中的故乡图景。画面层次分明，场景温馨，设色怀旧，不远处的庭院和老屋，大树的金黄枝叶，树下长辈慈爱温暖的眼神，儿童或逗弄秋虫的欢欣，或把玩蛐笼的专注，这分明是我们每个人都曾拥有过的白露时节。

Chinese Culture in the 24 Solar Terms: Bailu

Narratage

With autumn’s cooler temperature and changing landscape, the solar term Bailu could make people feel a bit misery and melancholy. In the 500-year-old painting created by Tang Yin, the lady stands alone in the autumn breeze, holding a fan which is about to be put away. Her somewhat closed posture indicates her regret for the passing of time.

In the Gongbi painting by the contemporary artist He Jiaying, the girl sits alone on the ground covered with fallen leaves, with her arms folded around her knees. Her sentiments and demeanor transcend time and space, echoing with the lady in Tang Yin’s work half a millennium ago.

Bailu can impart a sense of tenderness. As described in the ancient poem,“The golden breeze and the jade-like dew unite; nothing on earth surpasses this delight.” (Trans. By Li 2021)

Lao Shu’s painting presents a unique view, featuring not the summer lotus in bloom but the fragile lotus in autumn. With the light-colored lotus leaves mixed with the dark-colored lotus seed pods, this contemporary painting coincides with what was described in the ancient Tang poem:

“Bailu offers a scene to behold; In the lake, the water turns old. Autumn winds blow, dawn and dusk; Withered lotus has its head bowed.” (Trans. By Li 2021)

Bailu can also encompass moments of homesickness. Done by Zhao Mengfu for one of his close friends, this 700-year-old painting depicts natural scenery of mountains, waters and woods as well as cultural landscape of villages and fishermen, conveying the most salient features of his friend’s beloved hometown.

The contemporary painting by Dai Shuliang reproduces a view from the painter’s own hometown during Bailu. In the painter’s memory, everything in his hometown was so pleasant and harmonious: the courtyard and the old house, the big tree with golden leaves, the loving elder man with a pipe, the boys playing with autumn insects and the girl observing the cricket cage… These seem to exist in everyone’s cherished memory about Bailu.

内容转自：光明日报&中国传媒大学

作者：晏藜

美术编辑：陈芳宇（实习）

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